जिजाऊ जन्मोत्सव २०१५

जिजाऊ जन्मोत्सव २०१५, मातृतीर्थ सिंदखेडराजा

माझे लिखाण

                       जय जिजाऊ मित्रांनो, मी यापूर्वीही आपल्याला सुचित केले आहे कि, माझे जास्त काही वाचन

नसल्यामुळे मी बाकीच्या विचारवन्तांसारखे वैचारिक लेख ब्लॉगवर टाकू शकलो नाही, याची मला खंत वाटते.

मला माहिती आहे, तुमची वैचारिक भूक मोठी आहे.

                      त्यामुळे सर्वांना विनंती कि, तुम्ही असेच माझ्या ब्लॉगला भेट देत राहा, तसेच आपल्या सर्व

मित्र व मैत्रिणींनाही सांगा.

पराक्रमी वीर संभाजी महाराज - वढू बुद्रुक

 

छत्रपती संभाजी महाराजांच्या पुण्यतिथीदिनी (२२ मार्च) दर वर्षी वढू येथे कार्यक्रम होत असतात. संभाजी महाराजांच्या प्रेरक जीवनकार्याविषयी...

संभाजी महाराजांचे प्रेरणादायी बलिदान
संभाजीराजांचा जन्म १४ मे १६५७ ला पुरंदर येथे झाला. इ. स. १५५६ मध्ये कनकगिरीच्या वेढ्यात मारले गेलेले आपले थोरले बंधू संभाजीराजे यांचेच नाव युवराजांना देण्याचे महाराजांनी ठरवले. शिवाजी महाराज स्वराज्य वाढविण्यासाठी अनेक ठिकाणी मोहिमा आखत असत. त्याचा लाभ लष्करी अनुभवाच्या दृष्टीने युवराजांना मिळत असे. युद्धकलेत आणि लष्करी डावपेचांत निपुण असलेल्या पित्याचे संभाजी महाराजांना मार्गदर्शन लाभत गेल्यामुळे ते युद्धकलेत तरबेज होऊ लागले. त्यांच्या युद्धकलेतील नैपुण्याबद्दल ऍबेकॅरे नावाचा एक फ्रेंच प्रवासी वर्णन करतो... "शिवाजी महाराजांनी आपल्या मुलाला हाताखाली दहा हजार सैन्यांचा मोठा विभाग दिला होता. हा राजपुत्र वयाने जरी लहान असला तरी शौर्य आणि धैर्य यांच्या बाबतीत आपल्या वडिलांच्या कीर्तीला शोभेल असाच शूरवीर आहे.' सैनिकदेखील संभाजीराजे यांना शिवाजी महाराजांइतकाच मान देत असत. त्यांच्या हाताखाली लढण्यात सैनिकांना मोठी धन्यता वाटे.

संभाजीराजे नऊ वर्षांचे असताना शिवाजी महाराजांसोबत औरंगजेबला भेटण्यासाठी गेले होते. तेथे शिवाजी महाराज व त्यांच्या साथीदारांना नजरकैदेत ठेवले. आग्रा येथून शिवाजी महाराज निसटले. त्यांनी संभाजी महाराजांना मथुरा येथे काशीनाथपंतांकडे ठेवले. तेथे ते सुमारे आठ महिने होते. काशीनाथपंतांकडून त्यांनी संस्कृत भाषा शिकून घेतली. पुढे त्यांनी संस्कृतमध्ये काव्यरचनाही केली.

शिवाजी महाराजांच्या राज्याभिषेकानंतर त्यांनी संभाजी महाराजांवर एकेक जबाबदारी टाकण्यास सुरवात केली. त्यांची पन्हाळगडावर नियुक्ती करण्यात आली. तेथून बादशाही फौजांवर नजर ठेवण्याची जबाबदारी त्यांच्याकडे होती. तेथे त्यांनी बुधभूषण हे संस्कृत काव्य लिहिले. शिवाजी महाराजांचे निधन तीन एप्रिल १६८० रोजी झाले. संभाजी महाराजांच्या अनुपस्थिती त्यांच्यावर अंत्यसंस्कार करण्यात आले. शिवाजी महाराज आजारी असल्याचे वृत्तही संभाजी महाराजांना देण्यात आले नव्हते, पण त्यांनी कोणत्याही वादात न पडता राज्यकारभार सुरू केला. बऱ्हाणपूरवर हल्ला करून त्यांनी औरंगजेबाच्या तावडीतून आपला प्रदेश सोडविला व स्वराज्यास जोडला. या विजयानंतर १६ जानेवारी १६८१ रोजी त्यांचा राज्याभिषेक झाला.

शिवरायांनी संभाजी महाराजांवर अनेक वेळेस वेगवेगळ्या जबाबदाऱ्या सोपवल्या. कधी दिवाणी काम, तर कधी मुत्सद्देगिरीची बोलणी; तर कधी युद्धाचीही. त्यांना दिलेली कामगिरी ते यशस्वीरीत्या पार पाडीत.

इ. स. १६८२ मध्ये औरंगजेबाने संभाजी महाराजांना विजापूरच्या आदिलशहाची मदत मिळू नये, म्हणून विजापूरच्या दिशेने शहाजादा आजमला मोठ्या सैन्यासह रवाना केले; तर अहमदनगरकडे रुहुल्लाखानाची रवानगी केली आणि नाशिक जिल्ह्यातील रामसेज किल्ला जिंकून घेण्यासाठी शहाबुद्दीन खानाचा सरदार पाठविला. रामसेज किल्ला ताब्यात घेण्याकरिता औरंगजेबने अनेक सरदार पाठविले, मात्र एकाही सरदारास तो किल्ला जिंकता आला नाही. मात्र या सर्व मोहिमेसाठी औरंगजेबाच्या तिजोरीतून खर्च होत होता व या सर्व प्रकारामुळे औरंगजेब संभाजीराजांवर चिडला. सगळीकडे कानावर आदळणाऱ्या अपयशाच्या बातम्यांनी त्याचा तोल ढळला व त्याने आपला किमॉंश (डोक्‍यावर घालायचे शिरोभूषण) दाणकन जमिनीवर आदळला आणि शपथ घेतली, "त्या संभाचा जीव घेतल्याशिवाय किंवा त्याला राज्यातून हाकलून दिल्याशिवाय मी किमॉंश परत डोक्‍यावर धारण करणार नाही.' औरंगजेबाची अशी अवस्था झाली ती संभाजीराजांच्या पराक्रमामुळेच.

१ फेब्रुवारी १६८९ या दिवशी शेख निजामाने संगमेश्‍वर येथे अचानक छापा टाकला. त्यात संभाजी राजे व कवी कलश हे दोघे जण कैद झाले. त्या वेळेस औरंगजेबाचा मुक्काम अकलूजला होता. त्याने तेथून हुकूम फर्माविला, की कैद्यांना पांडे पेडगाव येथील बहादूर गडाच्या छावणीत आणण्यात यावे. औरंगजेबाने राजांचे डोळे काढावयाची आणि कलशाची जीभ हासडायची आज्ञा दिली. कारवाई लगेच करण्यात आली. यानंतरही संभाजीमहाराज व कवी कलश यांना औरंगजेबाने खूप त्रास दिला. यानंतर औरंगजेबाने दाक्षी सहुल्लाखान याला राजांकडे पाठवून खजिने व इतर धनसंपत्ती मोघलांकडे देण्यास सांगितले. तसेच फितूर मोघल सरदारांची नावे सांगण्यात यावी, असेही संभाजीराजांना सांगण्यात आले. कमालीच्या स्वाभिमानी संभाजीराजांनी कोणतीही माहिती सांगण्यास नकार दिला आणि बेधडकपणे ते मृत्यूला सामोरे गेले.

औरंगजेबाने ११ मार्च १६८९ रोजी त्यांची हत्या केली. त्यांचा मृतदेह वढू बुद्रुक परिसरात टाकला. औरंगजेबाच्या दहशतीमुळे त्यांच्या मृतदेहाला कोणीही हात लावला नाही. वढू परिसरातील काही शूर मावळ्यांनी त्यांच्या मृतदेहाचे दर्शन घेतले. मृतदेहाला हात लावला. तेव्हापासून वढू गावातील काही ग्रामस्थांचे नामकरण शिवले असे झाले. त्याचबरोबर काही ग्रामस्थांनी त्यांचा तेरवीचा कार्यक्रम (भंडारा) केला. तेव्हापासून त्यांचे अडनाव भंडारे झाले. औरंगजेबाच्या सैन्याने ज्या ठिकाणी संभाजी महाराजांना आडवले त्या गावाचे नाव आपटी असे पडले. काही ग्रामस्थांनी त्यांच्या मृतदेहाला फुले वाहून दर्शन घेतले. तेव्हापासून त्या गावाचे नाव फुलगाव पडले. भीमा, इंद्रायणी, भामा या नद्यांच्या संगमाजवळून संभाजी महाराजांना ओढीत आणले. तेव्हापासून त्यागावाचे नाव वढू पडले. त्याच ठिकाणी महाराजांच्या समाधीची निर्मिती करण्यात आली, अशी माहिती पुणे जिल्ह्यातील वढू, आपटी, फुलगाव येथील ग्रामस्थांच्या चर्चेतून मिळते.

संभाजी महाराजांच्या हत्येनंतर १८ वर्षे औरंगजेब स्वराज्य नेस्तनाबूत करण्यासाठी लढला, पण त्याला त्यात यश आले नाही. संभाजी महाराजांनी धर्मापुढे स्वतःच्या जीवाचीही पर्वा केली नाही. त्यांनी आपल्या कृतीतून धर्मप्रेमाचे उत्तम उदाहरण घालून दिले. संभाजी महाराजांच्या या अतुलनीय धैर्यामुळे आणि त्यांच्या बलिदानामुळे अनेकांना प्रेरणा मिळाली. महाराष्ट्रात प्रचंड अशी ताकद निर्माण झाली.

समाधीस्थळाचा इतिहास
फाल्गुन वद्य अमावस्येला (११ मार्च १६८९) वढूतील ग्रामस्थांनी या ठिकाणी छत्रपती संभाजी महाराजांचे अंत्यसंस्कार केले. १७९९ पूर्वी राजांचे पुत्र छत्रपती शाहूराजे यांनी येथे पित्याचे वृंदावन बांधून नैवेद्य, धूप, बाग यासाठी व अन्नछत्रासाठी जमीन इनाम देऊन व्यवस्था केली.

विचारांचा जागर

आमचे मित्र शिवश्री सुयोग नाईकवाडे यांचा विचारांचा जागर हा ब्लॉग जरूर वाचा मित्रांनो!!!!!!!!

http://sndiamond.blogspot.in हि त्याची लिंक आहे. वाचण्यासाठी त्यावर क्लिक करा.

E Learning: Why Choose Online Education?

E Learning: Why Choose Online Education?

By John Thompson

The Internet boom is far from over, although it has been taking
a slightly different slant in the past few years; hardly
surprising as technologies advance and trends change. The World
Wide Web is the largest resource of information in the whole
world and whatever your needs the Internet can provide. What
started as a bubble has soon become a massive tidal wave and
online education is one of the areas that is still increasing,
probably more than ever before.

You can shop online, you can watch TV online, and you can even
book your holidays online or work online and now you can
complete perfectly legitimate and recognised educational
courses online. Far from being the alternative form of
education used solely by working parents it is becoming just as
popular with teenagers and professionals all around the world.
There are no boundaries to learning when using the Internet.
You can study a course that local colleges and educational
institutions in your area don't offer and you can do so without
having to quite your job and leave home.

You don't need to take three years to complete a course; you
can often work at your own pace, fitting in around your
commitments and according to your spare time.

What courses are on offer? 

As well as courses designed primarily for completion on the
Internet, many educational institutions are now leaning towards
offering the major courses to be completed in the comfort of
your own home. College degrees and graduate degrees are
available in almost any subject you could imagine with many
benefits over the traditional 'classroom' approach.

E-learning offers a vast array of topics too, from American
History to Zoology and everything in between. Perhaps you are
in full time employment and want a change in career. Not many
of us can afford to just give up work and go back to college so
online education could be the perfect answer.

Maybe you are unemployed and can't find work suitable for you
or the qualifications and experience you have. Online education
can offer you the opportunity to gain more qualifications
without the expenses of travelling or accommodation.

Why should I choose an online education course?

There are many advantages to online education. The courses are
usually tailored to meet the different demands that are
entailed within an online learning community. You are usually
free to study at your own time and pace, so you have the
opportunity to complete your chosen course quickly or as slowly
as you want.

There are no travel costs involved with online education and no
travel time whatsoever. The only time you will need to dedicate
to your learning will be the time you spend studying and any
trips to the library or other institution you may need.

Many jobs and careers demand a good working knowledge of the
Internet, and by completing your course online you are already
many steps closer to that end. You will have excellent
knowledge on Internet research; always being able to find the
information that is useful to you.

There are some factors you should consider when deciding
whether to opt for online education or a more traditional
classroom education. You will need a reasonably up to date PC,
together with an Internet Connection. Fortunately, computer
prices have dropped in recent years, so you can get a capable
PC for little more than $300. If you consider using Ebay or
buying a refurbished PC then you can reduce this price even
more. Don't forget, you will need a printer, operating
software, word processing software and an Internet connection
but again the price of these has dropped dramatically.

If you don't have much working knowledge of a computer or the
Internet you will need to find your way around at first and
this can seem a daunting task for the beginner. Don't panic,
just stick with it and buy yourself (or borrow from friends or
the library) books on how to use the software you are going to
need. Once online the Internet has all of this information at
hand, and the world becomes your playground.

A summary of online education

Online education can help all people from all walks of like
gain the education they want to better themselves or to advance
in the career they already have. Whether you are a working
parent or an unemployed bachelor, there are courses available
for you to complete through online education.

Online education offers many benefits and few pitfalls when
compared to the more traditional 'classroom' approach but you
should carefully consider your options before jumping in.

There are costs associated with virtually all online education
courses but these are usually little more than the costs to
study at a college and when you consider that there are no
travelling expenses and no extra living costs, you may find
online education to be a much more financially viable option.

The Hidden Revolution in Online Learning

More and more is written these days about the potential of Internet-based courses and supporting electronic technology to better educate American students. Among the tantalizing predictions: Instruction will be highly individualized, social promotion will be eliminated, and an Ivy League education will be available for pennies to anyone who wants one.

Remarkably absent from these scenarios is any discussion of the ideological implications of electronic instruction. Yet the political agenda of educators—including the subtle (and not so subtle) ways that agenda shades everything from the political endorsements of teachers unions to the actual teaching of subject matter—has always been influenced by the organizational structure in which educators operate.

It is no coincidence that America's K-12 and university systems, both of which bestow the security of lifetime employment (tenure) to those who master the relevant obstacle course, currently produce teachers who are disproportionately liberal. Nor is it a coincidence that political correctness is at its worst in the very learning communities supposedly dedicated to open-mindedness. Conservative criticism of a society managed by credentialed elites understandably stirs their intense hostility: The conservative opposition threatens the legitimacy of academic systems based on professional privilege.

Enter online instruction—which, by dramatically altering the economics of teaching, are likely to alter the political biases now built into the education system.

Few people believe that online instruction will ever completely replace the college campus experience or substitute for the social, psychological and recreational benefits of a K-12 education. But the current thrust of academic innovation is clearly in the direction of "blended learning," where a student taking five courses in a semester might take one, two or even three of them online. Blended learning recognizes the value of human instruction, particularly in the younger grades, but it will minimize the importance of credentialed staffing as a measure of a school's effectiveness. As Microsoft Chairman Bill Gates argued in the Chronicle of Higher Education in June, the old professional model of schooling has failed to produce the "kind of clear metric" that allows educators to "experiment and see" if students are "continuing to achieve" success. Computers and the Internet, he said, create "something that's not purely digital," but "the efficiency of face-to-face time is much greater."

The technological transformation of education has wide-ranging political implications. Blended learning may not eliminate the need for classroom instructors, but it will reduce the numbers required. Over time, the reduction will significantly reduce the amount of dues raised by teachers unions—and therefore the influence of one of the most liberal constituencies within the Democrat Party. It will also reduce the manpower available at election time to canvass neighborhoods, cover phone banks and drive people to the voting booth in support of left-leaning candidates.

Teachers unions nationally rebel against the demands of school reformers for more accountability. Disputed issues such as student testing, merit pay and teacher evaluations seem at first glance to have nothing to do with Internet instruction. Yet the demands for better student performance clearly pave the way for blended-learning environments involving smaller and more productive staffs.

At the university level, electronic education will gradually place a greater squeeze on the more liberal faculties—those in the humanities and social sciences. As many debt-burdened graduates have already discovered, not all bachelor's degrees have the same economic value. A sociology student may earn no more after college than he would have by not matriculating, whereas a classmate who studied software design or engineering can command a relatively high salary right out of school.

In a September interview in The Atlantic, John Mitchell, a professor of computer science at Stanford and the university's first vice provost of online learning, predicted a future in which students pursuing needlessly expensive degrees will—instead of going off to college—continue to live at home and take their first two years online. Or they might spend only two years on a campus and then find a job, finishing up their degrees over the Internet.

Either way, the intellectual atmosphere of colleges and universities will increasingly reflect the staffing requirements for majors that justify student investment in a protracted residential experience: science, engineering, medicine and business—not dominated by left-wing faculties.

The development of cost-effective instructional technology, combined with the growing pressure on states and localities to cap the cost of teacher benefits and pensions, has already begun to change the incentive structure of K-12 education. In 2011, Utah's legislature passed a digital-learning policy that ties funding for Internet courses in public school to student outcomes. Online providers receive half the per-pupil payment for a course up front and the other half only after the student has mastered the material. In November, Michigan Gov. Rick Snyder unveiled an education-reform plan that would allow high-school students to get credit for online courses from multiple sources, including neighboring districts, online academies, community colleges and state universities.

Udacity, one of the three largest providers of online college courses, picks its instructors not on the basis of their degrees or research interests but according to how well they actually communicate."We reject 98 percent of faculty who want to teach with us," Udacity co-founder David Stavens recently told the New York Times. He sees a day when faculty are selected and promoted very differently, with the best "compensated like a TV actor or movie actor."

As performance-based incentive structures spread, course designers and school-based curriculum directors will have to be more flexible, competitive and accountable. If history is any guide, the elevation of such workplace values will even make their way into the subjects being taught, emphasizing such conservative values as personal responsibility and entrepreneurship.

Nearly a half-century ago, communications theorist Marshall McLuhan famously observed that "the medium is the message." Not even he predicted just how true this would prove to be.

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